Urban Reconstruction of Banja Luka City Centre

Tijekom proteklog desetljeća gradsko središte Banja Luke (drugog po veličini grada u Bosni i Hercegovini) bilo je poprište opsežnih građevinskih radova. Brze promjene izgleda grada dale su poticaj da se ovo istraživanje oblikuje kao pitanje strategije urbanih i arhitektonskih intervencija u poslijeratnoj socijalnoj situaciji grada. Cilj istraživanja je rekonstrukcija institucionalnih struktura uključenih u proces planiranja rekonstrukcije banjalučke gradske jezgre kako bi se obrazložila korištena metodologija urbanističkog planiranja i njezin odnos prema društvenom i političkom kontekstu.Over the past decade, the city centre of Banja Luka (the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina) has been under extensive construction. An experience of its fast-changing cityscape initiated this research into a planning strategy for the urban and architectural interventions in the city centre in the postwar social setting. The aim of the research was to reconstruct the institutional factors involved in the process of planning the reconstruction of Banja Luka city centre, in order to explain the used town planning methodology and its relation to the social and political context

Group form reconsidered : physicality and humanity of collective spaces

In 1964, Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki presented the need for investigation in housing collective form. The need was explained through his sensitivity towards the dynamic change of society and simultaneous inadequacy of architectural static and fragmented respond. This paper presents the contemporary view on the theory of collective form and its investigation into why and how the group of buildings stands together. It brings forward the need for renewed architectural focus on group form, one of Maki's collective form types, and the social and human reasoning of design decisions. The theory of linkages in group form is related to more recent socio-spatial analytical theories and interpreted as an analytical tool for understanding housing morphologies, configurations, and its social capacity of group form. It is proposed that the morphological and configurational approach can be used in combination for reading and understanding the historical and contemporary housing ensembles and their relation to an urban whole. The aim of the theoretical research is the identification of the analytical framework and design principles of group form based on architectural and configurational elements and their relations, as socially and culturally relevant

realms of urban design:

The traditional thematic realms of urban design, such as liveability, social interaction, and quality of urban life, considered to be closely related to urban form and specifically to public space, have long since been recognised as important, and have given the discipline a certain identity. The book Realms of Urban Design: Mapping Sustainability is certainly rooted in this fundamental urban design thinking, but its main contribution belongs to the second part of the book’s title – discourse on sustainability. Its chapters, considered as a whole, put forward the importance of the discipline and the designerly way of thinking in the context of the discussion about unprecedented environmental transformation. The eleven chapters of the book represent the major sustainability concerns that the authors have seen as being related to the urban design discipline in their specific professional and environmental contexts. Therefore, the chapters as an entity could be seen as an act of mapping the sustainability issues that are coming “from the front” of urban design research and practice at the universities involved in the project Creating the Network of Knowledge Labs for Sustainable and Resilient Environments (KLABS). They show disciplinary, mostly methodological, concerns with the larger scales in comparison to those of the neighbourhoods and public space that are traditionally connected to urban design; with the collective or common nature of urban space; and with the distinctive, underused spaces coming not only as a legacy of the 20th century, but also as an important by-product of contemporary economic trends. The first four chapters tackle the self-questioning of the disciple of urbanism in the wake of spatial, social, and environmental change at an unprecedented planetary scale. They are assembled around the question of what the sustainability concept means for the discipline and how the discipline should change to become socially relevant in the context of dynamic spatial transformation? The chapters are review contributions to recent theoretical and methodological rethinking of design approaches to the urban condition, with a focus on multi-scale and process-oriented urbanism. The chapters call for an integrated design approach in the sense of finding a theoretical and methodological common ground for separated disciplines of architecture, urban design, and urban planning. The next two chapters examine what is, in the traditional manner, considered to be the main theoretical and analytical focus and the main creative and practical outcome of urban design – the urban form. How we should understand, analyse, and design the urban form in the context of the contemporary complexities of urbanisation? Two chapters present opposing perspectives of urban form design. One is a morphological approach in which the urban form is seen as a disciplinary tool of conceptualisation and regulation of the city, using sophisticated concepts such as landscape and place, while the other maps the urban form as a resident’s basic expression of the need for shelter, territory of everyday use, and cultural interpretation of home, beyond regulation and urban design. By putting the two approaches side by side, the urban form can be comprehended as the simultaneous materialisation and negotiation of the ground of power intentions and everyday practice. Chapters 7 and 8 are dedicated to a specific dimension of urban design process – participation. Who can participate in the design of territories and places? Who has the privilege to define who will participate? How should an urbanist manage the many different and contradictory requirements? Ultimately, how can people be encouraged and stimulated to take part in the public urban debate? These are the highly important questions rising in the wake of the urbanism crisis, intensified with the disintegration of the holistic expression of the public interest, characteristic of the modernist period. These chapters present a review of important theoretical considerations and recent experience of multi-voice design methodologies. The final three chapters deal with the specific typology of urban space - previously developed and then abandoned, forgotten and underused spaces of an economic and technological past. These reminders of past urbanisation are still numerous in the western Balkan countries. What could the role of these places be in the sustainable strategies of urbanisation? How can the approach to the urban regeneration (planning, regulation, and design) of these spaces be conceptualised in order to be in tune with the ecological and social demands of a distressed planet and local historical and cultural values? By explaining the specific theoretical concepts and western Balkan case studies, these chapters tackle the most important issue related to sustainability and the management of urbanisation - the question of spatial resources

Molecular characterization of some lignicolous species from fungal culture collection

Culture collections of microorganisms, including fungi, are strain deposits recognised as Biological Resource Centers (BRCs) with a great importance in science, industry and education. Their objective is to preserve the purity, viability and genomic integrity of every single strain as a member of such collection. Since improvement of molecular methods nowadays brought many novel approaches in manipulation with strains of microorganisms, they can also be useful for characterization of existing stored strains. ITS1 region in nuclear DNA is preferred barcoding marker for taxon identification, which can be explained by its great inter-species variability. This paper presents results from analysing ITS1 region sequences (17) obtained from fungal DNA of culture collection of autochthonous, lignicolous genera Piptoporus, Pleurotus, Ganoderma and Schizophyllum cultured on malt agar plates for 14 days at 25°C. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) was used for comparison with online databases, while alignment of sequences was made with MEGA 5.10 software. Morphological determination of species or genus was confirmed for 13 cultures, while the others were disproved. The resulting alignment indicated small intra-species variability of ITS1 region and pointed to it as an ideal marker for verification of fungal culture collections' authenticity. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III43002 and by the Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development, Vojvodina, Serbia APV 114-4513592/2013-03: Molecular and phenotypic diversity of taxa of economical and epidemiological importance, and endangered and endemic species in Europe

Pregledi održivosti i otpornosti građene sredine

Održiva i otporna građena sredina je složen sistem čije se značenje kontinualno razvija. Cilj ove publikacije je da problemu održivosti i otpornosti pristupi kroz sistematsko istraživanje različitih segmenata i razmera izgrađenog okruženja, odnosno da predstavljanjem preglednih radova (poglavlja), među kojima je uspostavljena odgovarajuća funkcionalna veza, podstakne razvoj specijalizovanog znanja, podigne kritičku svest o potrebi za interdisciplinarnim i transdiciplinarnim istraživanjem i ojača vezu između univerzitetskog obrazovanja i naučnog istraživanja. Analiza razvoja održivosti i otpornosti, istraživanje aktuelnih pitanja i predviđanja o mogućoj održivoj i otpornoj budućnosti zajedno omogućavaju sveobuhvatno razumevanje ovih koncepata i njihovih međusobnih odnosa u kontekstu građene sredine. Publikacija je izbor recenziranih radova, objavljenih na engleskom jeziku u okviru tematske serije pod naslovom Reviews of Sustainability and Resilience of the Built Environment for Education, Research and Design. I pomenuta serija i ova publikacija predstavljaju rezultate Erazmus+ projekta Stvaranje mreže laboratorija znanja za održive i otporne sredine (skr. en. KLABS), koji je posvećen uspostavljanju sveobuhvatne obrazovne platforme u okviru drugog ciklusa visokog obrazovanja na prostoru zapadnog Balkana. Širi cilj svih KLABS publikacija je bio da se razviju pregledi održivosti i otpornosti građene sredine, korisni za studente, nastavnike, istraživače i stručnjake koji se ovim važnim temama bave na međunarodnom nivou. Publikacija se sastoji iz dva dela. Prvi se bavi održivošću i otpornošću urbanog prostora a drugi nivoom zgrada. Istraživanje počinje teorijskim pregledom istorijske i savremene debate o problemu urbanizacije u svrhu razumevanja i novih tumačenja (urbane) održivosti. Zatim se tumače poreklo, istorija i razvoj koncepta otpornosti, evolucija njegove definicije, tipovi i ključni principi. U trećem poglavlju istraživanje je usmereno na neka fundamentalna pitanja u okviru socio-kulturološke ravni građene sredine. Sledeće poglavlje pruža pregled pojmova i strategija koncepata „efikasnosti resursa“ i „otpornosti“, prikazuje njihova zajednička područja delovanja, kao i potencijalne protivrečnosti i suprotnosti, u svrhu nalaženja uzajamne ravnoteže i davanja doprinosa ispunjavanju širih ciljeva održivosti. Istraživanje alternativnih modela potrošnje, potrebnih za postizanje održivih urbanih transformacija, predstavlja predmet petog poglavlja u okviru ove publikacije. U nastavku se pažnja usmerava na rekonstrukciju trenutnog naučnog istraživanja i nalaženje ograničenja i mogućnosti inicijativa koje su do sada preduzete, kao i na sintezu metodoloških i praktičnih predloga, kako bi se javnoj upravi i lokalnim organima ponudio „praktičan način” stvaranja efikasnijih klimatskih politika i planova. „Pouka Milana”, u sedmom poglavlju, pokazuje kako aktivno uključivanje poljoprivrednika može pomoći javnim politikama, štiteći zajedničko dobro u teškim okolnostima i dajući povod za alternativne načine planiranja; ona naročito može da inspiriše istraživanje u kontekstima gde su otvoreni prostori oko gradova ugroženi, a uključivanje u proces donošenja odluka predstavlja cilj koji treba postići. U poslednjem poglavlju prvog dela elaboriraju se definicija, klasifikacija i kritička analiza uticaja braunfilda na okruženje i definišu ciljevi održivosti koje treba postići kroz njihovu obnovu i ponovni razvoj. Drugi deo publikacije počinje uspostavljanjem veze između efikasnog korišćenja prirodnih resursa i smanjenja ekoloških uticaja zgrada. Ovde se daje pregled sadašnjih trendova i izazova u pogledu upotrebe energije, materijala, vode i zemljišta i promišljaju mogući scenariji efikasne budućnosti u kojoj bi šire socijalne i ekonomske sheme postale relevantnije za uspešno projektovanje ekološki ispravnih zgrada. Fokus se, zatim, usmerava na analizu složenosti i dinamike klimatskih promena kao ključnih faktora u oblikovanju strategija za projektovanje zgrada otpornih na delovanje klime. Na osnovu značaja sagledanih rizika, varijabilnosti i neizvesnosti u vezi sa klimatskim promenama izvodi se opšti projektantski okvir, obrazlaže značenje termina „transponovani regionalizam“ i diskutuje odnos između otpornosti i adaptacije zgrada u (ne)izvesnoj klimatskoj budućnosti. U trećem poglavlju drugog dela istražuju se međusobni odnosi održive arhitekture i arhitekture otporne na promenu klime tako što se upoređuju njihovi osnovni postulati i analiziraju ključni ciljevi, kroz prizmu uzajamnih (ne)konzistentnosti. Sledeće poglavlje obrazlaže hijerarhijski pristup projektovanju održivih zgrada i daje pregled niza aktivnih i pasivnih projektantskih mera koje su, pre svega, u funkciji postizanja energetske efikasnosti, poput toplotne zaštite, ostvarivanja solarnih dobitaka, disipacije toplote, generisanja toplote, aktivnog ventilisanja i hlađenja, kao i generisanja električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora. Energetska svojstva i toplotni komfor u zgradama, u petom poglavlju drugog dela, razmatrani su sa aspekta uticaja materijala. Na primeru karakterističnih tipova stambenih zgrada sa područja Beograda, koje su prikazane i analizirane, razmatran je stepen zadovoljavanja ukupnih zahteva komfora, kao i međuzavisnost koja postoji između različitih tipova komfora (toplotnog, vazdušnog, zvučnog i svetlosnog). Poslednje poglavlje prikazuje činjenice i primere koji su relevantni za razumevanje i primenu metodologije ocene životnog ciklusa u različitim projektantskim i inženjerskim okvirima. Ovde se detaljno analizira struktura metode ocene životnog ciklusa (en. Life Cycle Assessment – LCA), koja se koristi za kvantifikovanje ekoloških uticaja

Leachate quality assessment of protected water bodies in Serbia and Croatia

Modern agricultural production can not be imagined without the use of pesticides and, if their use is improper, it could lead to continuous introduction of pesticide residues to different environmental media. Water pollution which originates from agricultural activities is a common problem in both observed countries, Serbia and Croatia. The paper provides evaluation of leachate water quality of protected water bodies, Tompojevački ritovi, Croatia, and Lake Zobnatica, Serbia, with the results of detected pesticide residues and other relevant organic micropollutants

Fenotipske i genetske korelacije osobina mlečnosti i tipa bikovskih majki Holštajn Frizijske rase

The study of the production capacities of cattleaimed at increase of the capacity of cattle to produce milk, milk fat and calves, greatly depends on pehotypic and genetic variability, heritability and correlation between preferable traits, as well as level of production in the population. Objective of the study was to calculate the variability, phenotypic and genetic correlation of milk and type traits by applying the method of linear scoring of cows in the nucleus herd of Holstein-Friesian bull dams and also to determine their significance in cattle selection. For all studied traits, main variation-statistical parameters were calculated by applying method of least squares: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, variation coefficient, standard error and variation interval. Negative phenotypic correlations between production of milk and type traits ranged from -0.12 (rear leg set, side view) to -0.01 (rump height and body depth) and positive from 0.03 (rear teat placement) to 0.23 (suspensory ligament). Phenotypic correlations between milk fat percentage and type traits varied in the range from -0.08 (fore teat placement) to 0.14 (rump height). Negative genetic correlations between milk production and type traits ranged from -0.11 (rear udder height) to -0.01 (rump width and dairy form), and positive from 0.03 (rear legs set, rear view) to 0.23 (suspensory ligament). Genetic correlations between the percentage of milk fat and type traits ranged from -0.15 (pelvic position) to 0.18 (rump height). Information about phenotypic and genetic correlations between milk and type traits can be of multiple significance in cow selection since it offers possibility to select heads of cattle for multiple traits at the same time.Ispitivanje proizvodnih kapaciteta goveda u cilju povećanja proizvodnje mleka, mlečne masti i broja teladi, u velikoj meri zavisi od fenotipske i genetske varijabilnosti, heritabiliteta i povezanosti poželjnih osobina, kao i nivoa proizvodnje u populaciji. Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se u nukleus zapatu bikovskih majki holštajn frizijske rase primenom linearnog metoda ocenjivanja krava izračuna varijabilnost, fenotipska i genetska povezanost osobina mlečnosti i tipa, i njihov značaj u selekciji goveda. Za sve ispitivane osobine primenom metoda najmanjih kvadrata izračunati su osnovni varijaciono-statistički parametri: aritmetička sredina, standardna devijacija, koeficijenti varijacije, standardna greška i interval varijacije. Negativne fenotipske korelacije između proizvodnje mleka i osobina tipa kretale su se u intervalu od -0.12 (položaj zadnjih nogu sa strane) do -0.01 (visina krsta i dubina tela), a pozitivne od 0.03 (položaj zadnjih sisa) do 0.23 (centralni ligament). Fenotipske korealacije između procenta mlečne masti i osobina tipa kretale su se u intervalu od -0.08 (pozicija prednjih sisa) do 0.14 (visina krsta). Negativne genetske korelacije između proizvodnje mleka i osobina tipa varirale su u razmaku od -0.11 (visina zadnjeg vimena) do -0.01 (širina karlice i mlečne karakteristike), a pozitivne od 0.03 (položaj zadnjih nogu otpozadi) do 0.23 (centralni ligament). Genetske korealacije između procenta mlečne masti i osobina tipa kretale su se u intervalu od -0.15 (položaj karlice) do 0.18 (visina krsta). Postojanje informacija o fenotipskim i genetskim korelacijama između osobina mlečnosti i tipa, može imati višestruki značaj u selekciji krava, jer pruža mogućnost odabira grla na više osobina istovremeno

Helical and square-spiral copper nanostructures: The effect of thickness and deposition conditions on the structural and optical properties

We have investigated the effect of thickness and deposition conditions on the structural and optical properties of nanostructured copper (Cu) thin films, deposited using e-beam glancing angle deposition. In the first series of experiments, samples were deposited in the form of helical nanostructures, to the thicknesses of 160 nm, 280 nm, 450 nm and 780 nm. The second set of the samples was fabricated in the form of zigzag and square-spiral nanostructures to a thickness of approximately 300 nm, by using different azimuthal rotations (φ = 180o, 90o, 45o, 22.5o and 11o). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were utilized to explore morphological and structural properties, while optical studies were done using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results showed that for both series of the samples the deposited structures are porous with nanometer-sized particles. Detailed analyses of optical properties revealed that the thickness of the films had a significant impact on the dielectric function of Cu structures. With increasing the thickness from 160 nm to 780 nm the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak was shifted from 1.31 eV to 1.05 eV. Changes in SPR peak position were associated with the growth mechanism and the size of deposited nanostructures. For the second series of the samples, it was found that as the azimuthal rotation decreases, deposited nanostructures become more porous with larger number of grown arms. Optical analysis showed that the properties of the grown Cu films are greatly influenced by the deposition conditions. By decreasing the φ parameter, SPR peak was shifted from 1.19 eV to 0.75 eV, which can be correlated with the size distribution and agglomeration of Cu nanoparticles.IX International School and Conference on Photonics : PHOTONICA2023 : book of abstracts; August 28 - September 1, 2023; Belgrad

Optical properties of copper helical nanostructures: the effect of thickness on the SPR peak position

In this study, we have investigated the effect of thickness on the structural and optical properties of copper (Cu) helical nanostructures. Thin films with thicknesses of 160 nm, 280 nm, 450 nm, and 780 nm were obtained by e-beam glancing angle deposition. The morphology and the microstructure were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, while for the optical analysis measurements spectroscopic ellipsometry was used. The results show that the deposited structures are porous with nanometer-sized crystallites preferentially oriented along (111) planes, as well as that the diameter of the helices increases with thickness. Detailed analyses of optical properties have demonstrated that the dielectric function of Cu structures is greatly influenced by the films thicknesses. With increasing thickness from 160 nm to 780 nm, the surface plasmon resonance peak was shifted from 1.31 eV to 1.05 eV, which was correlated with the growth mechanism and the size of deposited nanostructures

Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) for: "The interplay between spin states, geometries and biological activity of Fe(III) and Mn(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazone"

Fe(III) and Mn(II) complexes with condensation product of thiosemicarbazide and 2-acetylthiazole (HL1, (E)-2-(1-(thiazol-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. In both complexes, the thiosemicarbazone ligand is coordinated in deprotonated form through the NNS donor set of atoms. However, while Fe(III) complex is in the doublet ground state with distorted octahedral geometry, the coordination environment around Mn(II) is distorted trigonal-prismatic, and the sextet state is found to be the ground state. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize spin state preferences, and continuous shape measure describes the deviation from ideal six-coordinated polyhedral geometries in the ground and excited states. Antimicrobial activity (against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, two yeast, and one fungal strain), brine shrimp assay, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of both complexes were evaluated, and these results relate to the electronic structure of the complexes.Additional crystallographic and computational results, and the Cartesian coordinates of all DFT optimized structuresSupplementary information for: Stojičkov, M., Zlatar, M., Mazzeo, P. P., Bacchi, A., Radanović, D., Stevanović, N., Jevtović, M., Novaković, I., Anđelković, K., Sladić, D., Čobeljić, B., Gruden, M. (2023). The interplay between spin states, geometries and biological activity of Fe(III) and Mn(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazone. Polyhedron, 237, 116389. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2023.116389]Published version of the manuscript: [https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6041]Accepted version of the manuscript: [https://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6042